Group Membership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gathering Membership - Essay Example It is a standard for Filipinos to have the ordinary Asian character of being family situated and closely knit among tribes. Filipinos are likewise known to be amazingly benevolent and accommodating to everybody. It is a direct result of this quality that others are trusting of Filipinos. Filipinos would by and large make a special effort to cause others to feel welcome and agreeable even to the detriment of their own solace zones.Another bunch I feel related with, in spite of the fact that not so much feel obliged to be a piece of, are those intrigued or is a piece of the military field. Individuals from the military follow a severe control to the point that it is nearly generalized. This isn't generally the situation, be that as it may, that each trooper keeps up such consistent lead. There are situations when fighters or military devotees are simply only force stumbling menaces with power or sense of self issues. The troopers who hold consistent with their implicit rules, poise, an d tolerance are men who have unmistakable qualities that are above simple boasting. Between the standards of these two unique gatherings that I have a place with, I follow the standards of the military gathering more than my ethnic gathering standards. The explanation is that it holds increasingly close to home use for me concerning having a solid self-direct. The military gathering standard helps spread for my own shortcomings in character. Being truly friendly and trusting of others isn't inalienably a horrendous quality, yet it is anything but difficult to be exploited and be acted dumb at long last.

The Industrialization Era

The Industrialization Era kept going between the years 1760 and 1840 (Brothers 35). It included change from manual creation of merchandise to robotized creation. The primary attributes of the time included improved productivity, expanded creation, advancement of machines, quick monetary development, and high populace growth.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Industrialization Era explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The period had both positive and negative results. Positive results included making of a worldwide economy, monstrous development of riches, and populace development. Contrary results included making of social classes, congestion, and disintegration of people’s expectations for everyday comforts (Brothers 38). Positive results eclipsed negative results. Accordingly, the time was for the most part positive. Beneficial outcomes Industrialization advanced globalization of economy from numerous points of view (More 73). It pro mpted creation of a wide cluster of merchandise that were sold efficiently in light of large scale manufacturing. This lead to expanded monetary movement, which began in Europe and spread to different pieces of the world. Exchange permitted individuals from various districts and nations to blend. Furthermore, development of individuals to new territories prompted making of various gatherings that included individuals with various abilities (More 75). All things considered, individuals were assembled dependent on aptitudes they had. Angles, for example, sexual orientation and race were infrequently used to aggregate individuals in light of the fact that an enormous extent of the populace was centered around exploiting industrialization. Urbanization and development of industrial facilities was another positive result (More 81). New production lines encouraged development of current urban areas in light of the fact that numerous individuals moved to towns looking for work. Then again, development of industrial facilities made occupations for some individuals. This improved the expectations for everyday comforts of numerous individuals as a result of expanded gaining power. Industrialization improved vehicle systems and correspondence (More 87). For instance, before the industrialization period, transport was uniquely by streams and streets. Oceans were utilized during transport of substantial burdens. Industrialization prompted development of street systems, trenches, conduits, and present day railroad systems. Transport of crude materials and items turned out to be quicker and simpler. Negative outcomesAdvertising Looking for paper on history? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the significant negative results was high populace development that prompted stuffing (Griffin 52). This prompted weakening of expectations for everyday comforts and cleanliness. Congestion was brought about by development of e normous quantities of individuals to urban regions, particularly ranchers who had lost land and positions. It encouraged spread of sicknesses and different ailments. Industrialization negatively affected how individuals communicated. It prompted formation of social classes since business people amassed riches while laborers grieved in destitution (Griffin 53). Because of high accessibility of laborers and low accessibility of occupations, laborers were paid ineffectively while managers earned gigantic aggregates of cash. Laborers couldn't bear the cost of not too bad lodging offices and food. Many lived in shacks, and youngsters capitulated to wholesome maladies because of poor nourishment. There was likewise broad abuse of kids and ladies (Griffin 54). Businesses favored employing female laborers since they paid them not exactly their male partners. Then again, youngster work got uncontrolled. Employers’ covetousness to gather riches prompted boundless abuse of youngsters. Y oungsters worked for small income despite the fact that workplaces were ominous and risky. At that point, instruction openings were uncommon and kids had no other alternative other than work in industrial facilities and manors. Notwithstanding the way that profitability of grown-ups and youngsters was practically equivalent, kids were paid not as much as grown-ups were. End The industrialization time was for the most part positive despite the fact that negative results were additionally present. Positive results included globalization of economy, development of national and individual riches, urbanization, development of industrial facilities, and employment creation. Negative results included youngster work, abuse of ladies, poor cleanliness, sicknesses, and poor everyday environments. Works Cited Brothers, Evans. The Industrial Revolution. New York: Evans Brothers, 2009. Print. Griffin, Emma. Short History of the British Industrial Revolution. London: Palgrave, 2010. Print.Adverti sing We will compose a custom article test on The Industrialization Era explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More, Charles. Understanding the Industrial Revolution. London: Routledge, 2000. Print. This article on The Industrialization Era was composed and put together by client ShevaCall1ster to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

MPA program this summer COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Learn more about the MIA/MPA program this summer COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog As we get ready to say goodbye to our graduating students, were also preparing to welcome a new class of students.   All the while starting up our information sessions for interested prospective candidates. Our May campus sessions have been posted on our website including our May 13th (oh! thats next week) 12:00 pm ET virtual online information session.   (Register for it here.)   With all the hustle and bustle of admissions and graduation, we neglected to update the website with all of our summer dates but check back in a day or two and theyll be up.   Besides our campus and online sessions, you can expect to find us in DC, Chicago, and Berkeley this summer. Hope to see you around this summer.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Depression

Introduction: Working with families, social services workers may see families with a variety of problems. They help families deal with poverty, abuse, and health care concerns or problems. There are variety jobs under the social service category. Some workers might help people find homes, or temporary shelters, while others help families deal with the effects of abuse such as sexual and physical. Other workers might deal with families that are being affected by a health disorder such as mental illness. Mental illness affects people of all ages. It does not discriminate against age, race, economic status or sex; anyone can be affected. Mental disorders range from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder to Depression. People with a mental†¦show more content†¦One of the most common mental illnesses that is found in teens and greatly impact their development and families is Major Depression. Depression: One of the most common mental disorders in the U.S. is Major Depression. Depression is not simply the act of being sad or angry, Depression is disorder that affects how the brain controls emotions. Depression is considered an episodic illness, sometimes a person can improve without any help, and sometimes it can become a recurring problem. A depression episode usually can last two weeks or more. It can affect a way the person thinks, personal interactions, feels, and how they see the world as a whole. Depression effects seven percent of the population, majority of them women. A person usually experiences their first episode of depression in their adolescent and young adulthood years. According to the National Alliance for Mental illness eight percent of teens may experience a depressive episode in a given year. Twenty percent experience depression during their teen years. Females are more likely than boys to be diagnosed with depression. Numbers show up to eighty percent of teens with go untreated. Teens in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered (LGBT) community are at a higher risk or experiencing depression due to their sexual identity. A high number of youth who have depression have not been diagnosed and are left untreated. Most teens turn to self-medication to

My Career As A Psychologist Essay - 2107 Words

When I was younger I wanted to be a fashion designer, later on I wanted to be a police officer and the list goes on. I have never been the type of person who was set in one career until my senior year of high school. That year I took an introduction to psychology class that really changed my perspective on psychology. There I learned that there were many types of fields with in the field of psychology. I felt a really strong connection and interest in psychology after that class. Therefore, after long consideration I have considered to pursue a career as a psychologist after graduate school. The years it takes to become a psychologist really depends on one specific career path in psychology and the type of degree one wants to obtain. There are many different types of path one can take with a degree in psychology. One can pursue a career in cognitive, evolutionary, social, forensic, developmental, educational, counseling or clinical psychology. Cognitive psychology â€Å"is the study of the memory, perception and learning attention† (A List of the Different Types of Psychology Degrees). Evolutionary psychology â€Å"attempts to find out why and how humans evolved with behavioral modes and perspectives that explains an innate algorithm of deep-rooted defense mechanism strategies† (A List of the Different Types of Psychology Degrees). Forensic psychology â€Å"involves the study of the rationale behind eyewitness testimonies, evidence and jury decisions† (A List of the Different Types ofShow MoreRelatedMy Career As A Clinical Psychologist1886 Words    |  8 Pagesportfolio is to present my career choice as a clinical psychologist and to show the skills and experience I have gained and those that I have yet to gain, plus an account of how I expect to gain them. I will continue to discuss personal experiences which really pushed me to pursue my goals, along with a list of disorders which take my interest. Next, I will provide a few different organisations relating to psychology and the importance of good health care. I will showcase and discuss my CV followed by theRead MoreMy Career Goals Of Becoming An Applied Social Psychologist982 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Statement A few years ago, my future and my goals were clear: I would graduate in 2017 with a Bachelor’s of Science in Psychology and pursue a career in therapeutic counseling. However, my plans were altered after I was exposed to the research side of psychology. I was drawn in by the psychological insight shed on tragedies like the holocaust, why no witnesses helped Kitty Genovese after she had been stabbed, how a rape victim can misremember his or her assailant, and possible solutionsRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1630 Words   |  7 Pageswhen choosing a career. The education that is required for pursuing a career in the field of psychology depends on the type of psychologist you want to be. Most psychology programs require at least a master s degree to pursue a psychologist career, but some may require a doctoral degree. It is important to know the educational requirements as well as state requirements when entering the field of psychology. Southwestern has helped m e in pursuing my educational requirements for my field of interestRead MoreStatment of Purpose for Psychologists and Fashion Designers924 Words   |  4 PagesPsychologists and fashion designers may give back to society in different ways but they both offer outlets for emotions and a chance of making people happy. Both psychologists and fashion designers must be able to deal with different kinds of people and stay calm in stressful situations. They both get to encounter interesting people in their fields and with cliental which is always nice. I’m not always a social person but it appeals to me to be able to meet and work with different kinds of that shareRead MoreA Career in Clinical Psychology964 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch in a clinical psychologist career. I have been interested in the field of psychology since high school, and I have always wanted to work with helping people. A doctorate’s degree, an internship, up to two years professional practice, and the p assing of the Examination of Professional Practice in Psychology are the education and training requirements to become a clinical psychologist. Licensure is also needed to practice clinical psychology. As a clinical psychologist, my responsibilities andRead MoreCriminal Psychology : A Glimpse Into The Mind Of A Criminal1523 Words   |  7 Pagespsychology is a career for people interested in solving crimes and working to help people in the community. A forensic psychologist has many tasks that they might be involved with on any given day. One factor that is appealing to many in this career is the nature of the work is never routine. First, those who are committed to assist those in solving crimes by providing evidence must be familiar with the minds of those who would commit crimes. According to _____, â€Å"A forensic psychologist assesses theRead MoreClinical Psychology. A Clinical Psychologist Or The Psychological1081 Words   |  5 PagesClinical Psychology A Clinical psychologist or the psychological specialty provides continuing and comprehensive mental and behavioral health care for individuals and families; consultation to agencies and communities; training, education and supervision; and research-based practice (APA, 2017). In order to become a Clinical psychologist, you will need a higher level of education to include a Master’s degree, certification, license, and Doctorates depending on the position one is trying to attainRead MoreCareer Research Assignment : Career1523 Words   |  7 PagesAvery Daffer 11/01/2016 Career Research Assignment The Career I chose to research a career in Health Psychology, focusing somewhat on clinical work. I chose this career path in particular because of my major and emphasis in Health Psychology; I wanted to know what the opportunities, benefits, and requirements were for pursuing this specific field within psychology. I was made aware of this option as a major emphasis during my first semester at BYU-Idaho, and I knew at that point that I wanted toRead MoreThe Fantastic Field Of Forensic Psychology1327 Words   |  6 PagesKaylin Mize Mrs. Lozares Honors English II 15 February 2017 The Fantastic Field of Forensic Psychology 1 Forensic psychology is a developing science that is quickly being utilized in many industries. It is a very difficult choice of career, but perhaps that’s why I am so attracted to it. I’ve always been curious about the mind. I am not interested in so much as to the physical makeup of the brain such like a neurologist. I am more attracted to the chemical imbalances that can make someone developRead MoreExperimental Psychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies (â€Å"Career in Psychology,† n.d.). Therefore, experimental psychologists approve or disapprove psychological beliefs through research. Experimental psychologists hypothesize the issues related to psychological subjects, and then conduct studies to find out the truth about their hypotheses (â€Å"Career in Psychology,† n.d.). On the other hand, when some experimental psychologists study different psychological phenomena, the others devote their time to find the ans wers to one complex issue (â€Å"Career in Psychology

Classification of Dangerous Goods in the Shipping Industry

Abstract This project was done in an effort to elaborate of the use of containers for the stowage of dangerous goods as well as the impacts it has. As well as how the International conventions, International Policies and Protocol for transporting dangerous goods are taking into consideration. Throughout this assignment, the main conventions will be examined and focused on such as MARPOL and SOLAS as well as policies established that deals with the transportation al Dangerous cargo that was established and enforced by the IMO (International Maritime Organization). There is also a list of dangerous goods and their classification that are mentioned by the UN (United Nation). Also giving the different classification of dangerous goods as†¦show more content†¦Special software called Terminal Operating Systems (TOS) is used to assist in the loading of dangerous goods. The planner inserts into the system, however the software may or may not be able to properly stow cargo by means of checki ng for bad stowage amp; segregation against the latest international requirements. It is highly recommended to check stowage manually and by human perception for compliance. According to the IMDG code, segregation requirements of the other local/national regulations must be strictly adhered to. A key requirement for planners that to recognize that he have knowledge that dangerous goods that are classified within to the same class may have segregation requirements amongst them in terms of gases, liquids and solid dangerous goods. (Ships Business, 2010) When these DG’s are loaded onto a ship, specific set of information about the said good must be gathered, assessed and communicated to all relevant authorities with observation and acknowledgement of the DG’s type, composition and its flash factor which is the temperature that is deemed combustible. By doing this, the authorities and handlers know which type of good are being handled, how the good can be contained when contamination or leakage occurs. With this, proper actions and procedures can be performed for occurrences such accidents involving dangerous goods while being transported and storing on the ship. ThisShow MoreRelatedIntroduction of Classification Societies and IACS3629 Words   |  14 Pages Introduction of classification societies and IACS Classification societies refer to organizations that are concerned with development and application of technical standards within designs, assessment, and construction of ships and other marine facilities. There are various and different marine facilities used globally. Some facilities are concerned with transport and communication. Others are for security purposes together with leisure facilities for use inside and on the surface of the seasRead MoreFive Categories Of Aidc Technologies Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesFive common applications of AIDC technologies are 1.) Order picking 2.) Receiving 3.) Shipping 4.) Sortation 5.) Finished goods storage 12.6 Two forms of bar codes are 1.) Width-modulated - the symbol comprises of bars and spaces of differing width 2.) Height-modulated - the symbol comprises of equitably divided bars of varying height. 12.7 The grocery industry which started in 1973 was the major industry to first use the Universal Product Code. 12.9 RFID stands for Radio Frequency IdentificationRead MoreThe Screening Process of a Tanker1581 Words   |  6 Pagesships hold and ships gears/cranes. The inspector, therefore, must ensure that all are in good condition (Snaith, 2011). The other part of the questionnaire includes details about compliance to international regulations that involves answering the following questions, does the ship contain; dangerous cargo manifest, placards with UN numbers, pollution placards proper shipping flags, and segregation of dangerous cargo in the ships deck. The inspector signs the form if it meets the requirements. TankerRead MoreReview Of Fedex Express The American Air Cargo Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness. Further analysis FedEx’s best procurement methods thru technological innovations. And the final part will contain specific recommendations. 2. Introduction: Procurement also known as purchasing, buying or sourcing: is the purchase of goods and/or services at the best potential price of ownership to meet the requirements of the purchaser in terms of quality, quantity, time, and location. (Monczka , 2010). The Charted of Procurement and Supply Chain (CIPS) also defined it that it is aRead MoreThe Technology Of Marine Propulsion System2083 Words   |  9 PagesAs one of the greatest industry in the world , maritime industry especially shipping industry try to compete with other related industries . In-line with the increase of demand in shipping and supported by the development of technology, shipping industry try to impove its performance in every single aspect such as design of the ship will be much bigger to match it with the large amount of goods, and high- technology application . Speaking about the technology application, one of the interestingRead MoreInternational Logistics4887 Words   |  20 PagesLogistics Logistics is the management of the flow of goods, information and other resources, including energy and people, between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet the requirements of consumers (frequently, and originally, military organizations). Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material-handling, and packaging, and occasionally security. Logistics is a channel of the supply chain which adds the valueRead MoreExport and Import14672 Words   |  59 PagesMANUFACTURING INDUSTRY:- Manufacturing industry refers to those industries which involve in the manufacturing and processing of items and indulge in either creation of new commodities or in value addition. The manufacturing industry accounts for a significant share of the industrial sector in developed countries. The final products can either serve as a finished good for sale to customers or as intermediate goods used in the production process. Evolution of the manufacturing industry: ManufacturingRead MoreCase Study of Federal Express Logistics Management6981 Words   |  28 PagesExpress. One major change affected Federal Express. In January of 1998, Federal Express changed to FDX Corporation.With the purchase of Caliber, FedEx started offering other services besides express shipping. Caliber subsidiaries included RPS, a small-package ground service; Roberts Express, an expedited shipping provider; Viking Freight, a regional, less than truckload freight carrier serving the Western United States; Caribbean Transportation Services, a provider of airfreight forwarding between the UnitedRead MoreChemical Hazards43022 Words   |  173 PagesDistrict Levels Preparation of On-Site and Off-Site Emergency Plans 28 29 31 32 33 34 37 38 38 40 41 41 44 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.2 Guidelines for Industrial (Chemical) Installations and Storages Industrial (Chemical) Installations Good Engineering for Safety Accident Reporting, Investigation and Analysis Safety Promotional Activities Other Areas of Attention Storages 47 47 47 48 48 48 49 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.4.5 6.4.6 6.4.7 6.4.8 6.4.9 GuidelinesRead MoreMama Thai Instant Noodle Export Import Analysis9343 Words   |  38 Pagesand become a Public Company in 1994 with presently Registered Capital 240 million baht, comprising 18,000,000 ordinary shares, par value 10 bath per share, paid up 180 million baht. Mama Products Mama has variety of brands and products in food industry in which they separate their domestic products from export products. Mama’s main product is instant noodles under the brand name Mama is one of the most popular in Thailand as the brand has been a part in Thai market for the longest time comparing

Business Marketing A Diverse Demographic

Question: Describe about the Business Marketing for A Diverse Demographic. Answer: Introduction Canada is a country with a diverse demographic and as such, has a huge market potential for new products and product niches (Crane Matten, 2010). The purpose of the report is to elaborate on the market analysis of this new product, looking at the consumer trends in this market, statistics on consumption, value chain and the barriers to adoption. The segment, target market and positioning of the new product, components of the marketing mix and a marketing plan will also be provided. A few recommendations will be made at the end of this report. Market analysis summary Politically, the intensity of the Canadian government involvement in the economy, lower levels of trade protections, increased number of foreign trade agreements, and policies explicit to the food industry are some of the factors that have an impact on the new product that is to be introduced to Canada. Economically, the leveling of augmentation rates in developed markets together with increased augmentation rates and elevated levels of disposable earnings in developing markets could affect the new entry of the product (Christopher, Payne Ballantyne, 2008). Socially, the consumer trends particularly the healthies, foodies, and the greenies are currently leading to a differentiation advance to product improvement and are establishing a unique inclination towards premiumization (Brennan, Baines, Garneau, Vos, 2008). Technologically and Environmentally, Canada tends to boast of firm agronomy and food science infrastructure in their technology centers, in food companies, and also universities. The product is in the growth stage hence seeking to build brand preference and increase market share of the energy bar. There is at least a 32% market share of the energy bar consumption in Canada, meaning that a large market can be persuaded to go for Snickrers. As a result, revenue of at least CAD368, 420 annually is recorded (Crane Matten, 2010). Snickers is a convenience type of product since people rarely have time to eat a well prepared meal, they would rather opt for an energy bar which offers them similar calories and energy as if they were taking an actual meal. There is a huge chance to replace some of the imported snacks with locally made products which could pose a challenge for Snickers in the Canadian market. The younger generation of consumers is considered to be the innovators and early adopters of Snickers and can be found in various learning institutions. The barriers to adoption of Snickers could be lack of interest from potential consumers (Brennan, et al., 2008). With regards to the value chain, the consumers and competitors have power over the new product. Summary of Proposal The market segment that has been chosen is that of working individuals and the younger generation aged between 15 years to 35 years. With regards to product positioning, it is critical that we ensure that all actions and advertising are commensurate with the positioning strategy mainly because this is the type of image we desire to portray to the public. In our case, we will utilize value positioning as a positioning strategy, whereby the price of Snickers will be below industry averages because we will appeal to potential consumers who are sensitive to price changes. As for the marketing plan of the new product, we intend to vigorously advertise and sensitize the Canadian public of the benefits associated with consuming Snickers. Marketing Mix Place. Snickers will have a great advantage over companies such as Honey Bar and Ruths Hemp mainly because they are heavily organic. This makes the sourcing of their products quite expensive as compared to our Snickers energy bar. This means that snickers has a competitive advantage over Puresource, Honey Bar and Ruths Hemp. Price. Snickers are pocket-friendly as it comes in different sizes. Pricing is also quite economical compared to Puresource, Honey Bar and Ruths Hemp prices which are on the higher side. Promotion. The energy bar promotes itself as an athletes source of energy and rejuvenation which appeals to the younger demographic as opposed to Ruths Hemp and Puresource. It is popular making its position in the market higher. Basis for recommendation I believe that my idea will be a winner because I have endeavored to point out the potential strengths and weaknesses of our entry strategy into the Canadian market and the importance of employing a market positioning which is friendly to the general public. References Abela, A. (2006). Marketing and consumerism. European Journal of Marketing, 40(2). Pp. 5 16. Brennan, R., Baines, P., Garneau, P., Vos, L. (2008). Contemporary strategic marketing. 2nd Edition. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Christopher, M., Payne, A., Ballantyne, D. (2008). Relationship marketing. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann. Crane, A., Matten, D., (2010). Business ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Tycho Brahe Essays - Copernican Revolution, Tycho Brahe,

Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe Tyge (Latinized as Tycho) Brahe was born on 14 December 1546 in Skane, then in Denmark, now in Sweden. He was the eldest son of Otto Brahe and Beatte Bille, both from families in the high nobility of Denmark. He was brought up by his paternal uncle J?rgen Brahe and became his heir. He attended the universities of Copenhagen and Leipzig, and then traveled through the German region, studying further at the universities of Wittenberg, Rostock, and Basel. During this period his interest in alchemy and astronomy was aroused, and he bought several astronomical instruments. In 1572 Tycho observed the new star in Cassiopeia and published a brief tract about it the following year. In 1574 he gave a course of lectures on astronomy at the University of Copenhagen. He was now convinced that the improvement of astronomy hinged on accurate observations. After another tour of Germany, where he visited astronomers, Tycho accepted an offer from the King Frederick II to fund an observatory. He was given the little island of Hven in the Sont near Copenhagen, and there he built his observatory, Uraniburg, which became the finest observatory in Europe. Tycho designed and built new instruments, calibrated them, and instituted nightly observations. He also ran his own printing press. The observatory was visited by many scholars, and Tycho trained a generation of young astronomers there in the art of observing. After a falling out with King Christian IV, Tycho packed up his instruments and books in 1597 and left Denmark. After traveling several years, he settled in Prague in 1599 as the Imperial Mathematician at the court of Emperor Rudolph II. He died there in 1601. His instruments were stored and eventually lost. Tycho Brahe's contributions to astronomy were enormous. He not only designed and built instruments, he also calibrated them and checked their accuracy periodically. He thus revolutionized astronomical instrumentation. He also changed observational practice profoundly. Whereas earlier astronomers had been content to observe the positions of planets and the Moon at certain important points of their orbits. Tycho and his cast of assistants observed these bodies throughout their orbits. As a result, a number of orbital anomalies never before noticed were made explicit by Tycho. Without these complete series of observations of unprecedented accuracy, Kepler could not have discovered that planets move in elliptical orbits. Tycho was also the first astronomer to make corrections for atmospheric refraction*. In general, whereas previous astronomers made observations accurate to perhaps 15 arc minutes, those of Tycho were accurate to perhaps 2 arc minutes, and it has been shown that his best observations were accurate to about half an arc minute. Tycho's observations of the new star of 1572 and comet of 1577, and his publications on these phenomena, were instrumental in establishing the fact that these bodies were above the Moon and that therefore the heavens were not immutable as Aristotle had argued and philosophers still believed. The heavens were changeable and therefore the Aristotelian division between the heavenly and earthly regions came under attack (see, for instance, Galileo's Dialogue) and was eventually dropped. Further, if comets were in the heavens, they moved through the heavens. Up to now it had been believed that planets were carried on material spheres (spherical shells) that fit tightly around each other. Tycho's observations showed that this arrangement was impossible because comets moved through these spheres. Celestial spheres faded out of existence between 1575 and 1625. Tycho developed a system that combined the best of both worlds. He kept the Earth in the center of the universe, so that he could retain Aristotelian physics The Moon and Sun revolved about the Earth, and the shell of the fixed stars was centered on the Earth. But Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn revolved about the Sun. He put the (circular) path of the comet of 1577 between Venus and Mars. This Tychonic world system became popular early in the seventeenth century among those who felt forced to reject the Ptolemaic arrangement of the planets (in which the Earth was the center of all motions) but who, for various reasons, could not accept the Copernican alternative. Tycho's major works include De Nova et Nullius Aevi Memoria Prius Visa Stella (On the New and Never

Premise Definition and Examples in Arguments

Premise Definition and Examples in Arguments A premise is a  proposition upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn. Put another way, a  premise includes the reasons and evidence behind a conclusion, says  Study.com. A premise may be  either the major or the minor proposition of a  syllogism- an argument in which two premises are made and a  logical conclusion  is drawn from them- in a deductive argument. Merriam-Webster  gives this example of a major and minor premise (and conclusion): All mammals are warmblooded [major premise]; whales are mammals [minor premise]; therefore, whales are warmblooded [conclusion]. The term premise comes from medieval Latin, meaning things mentioned before. In philosophy as well as fiction and nonfiction writing, the premise follows largely the same pattern as that defined in Merriam-Webster. The premise- the thing or things that came before- lead (or fail to lead) to a logical resolution in an argument or story. Premises in Philosophy To understand what a premise is in philosophy, it helps to understand how the field defines an argument, says  Joshua May, an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Alabama, Birmingham. In philosophy, an argument is not concerned with disputes among people; it is a set of propositions that contain premises offered to support a conclusion, he says, adding: A  premise  is a proposition one offers in support of a conclusion. That is, one offers a premise as evidence for the truth of the conclusion, as justification for or a reason to believe the conclusion. May offers this example of a major and minor premise, as well as a conclusion, that echoes the example from Merriam-Webster: All humans are mortal. [major premise]G.W. Bush is a human. [minor premise]Therefore, G.W. Bush is mortal. [conclusion] May notes that the validity of an argument in philosophy (and in general) depends on the accuracy and truth of the premise or premises. For example, May gives this example of a bad (or inaccurate) premise: All women are Republican. [major premise: false]Hilary Clinton is a woman. [minor premise: true]Therefore, Hilary Clinton is a Republican. [conclusion: false] The  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy  says that an argument can be valid if it follows logically from its premises, but the conclusion can still be wrong if the premises are incorrect: However, if the premises are true, then the conclusion is also true, as a matter of logic.​​ In philosophy, then, the process of creating premises and carrying them through to a conclusion involves logic and deductive reasoning. Other areas provide a similar, but slightly different, take when defining and explaining premises. Premises in Writing For nonfiction writing, the term  premise  carries largely the same definition as in philosophy. Purdue OWL notes that a premise or premises are integral parts of constructing an argument. Indeed, says the language website operated by Purdue University, the very definition of an argument is that it is an assertion of a conclusion based on logical premises. Nonfiction writing uses the same terminology as in philosophy, such as  syllogism, which Purdue OWL describes as the simplest sequence of logical premises and conclusions. Nonfiction writers use a premise or premises as the backbone of a piece such as an editorial, opinion article, or even a letter to the editor of a newspaper. Premises are also useful for developing and writing an outline for a debate. Purdue gives this example: Nonrenewable resources do not exist in infinite supply. [premise 1]Coal is a nonrenewable resource. [premise 2]Coal does not exist in infinite supply. [conclusion] The only difference in nonfiction writing versus the use of premises in philosophy is that nonfiction writing generally does not distinguish between major and minor premises. Fiction writing also uses the concept of a premise but in a different way, and not one connected with making an argument. James M. Frey, as quoted on  Writers Digest, notes: The premise is the foundation of your story- that single core statement of what happens to the characters as a result of the actions of a story.† The writing website gives the example of the story The Three Little Pigs, noting that the premise is: â€Å"Foolishness leads to death, and wisdom leads to happiness.† The well-known story does not seek to create an argument, as is the case in philosophy and nonfiction writing. Instead, the story itself is the argument, showing how and why the premise is accurate, says Writers Digest: If you can establish what your premise is at the beginning of your project, you will have an easier time writing your story. Thats because the fundamental concept you create in advance will drive the actions of your characters. Its the characters- and to some degree the plot- that prove or disprove the premise of the story. Other Examples The use of premises is not limited to philosophy and writing. The concept can also be useful in science, such as in the study of genetics or biology versus environment, which is also known as the nature-versus-nurture debate.  In Logic and Philosophy: A Modern Introduction, Alan Hausman, Howard Kahane, and Paul Tidman give this example: Identical twins often have different IQ test scores. Yet such twins inherit the same genes. So environment must play some part in determining IQ. In this case, the argument consists of three statements: Identical twins often have different IQ  scores. [premise]Identical twins inherit the same genes. [premise]The environment must play some part in  determining  IQ. [conclusion] The use of the premise even reaches into religion and theological arguments.  Michigan State University  (MSU) gives this example: God exists, for the world is an organized system and all organized systems must have a creator. The creator of the world is God. The statements provide  reasons why God exists, says MSU. The argument of the statements can be organized into premises and a conclusion. Premise 1: The world is an organized system.Premise 2: Every organized system must have a creator.Conclusion: The creator of the world is God. Consider the Conclusion You can use the concept of the premise in countless areas, so long as each premise is true and relevant to the topic. The key to laying out a premise or premises (in essence, constructing an argument) is to remember that premises are assertions that, when joined together, will lead the reader or listener to a given conclusion, says the  San Jose State University Writing Center, adding: The most important part of any premise is that your audience will accept it as true. If your audience rejects even one of your premises, they will likely also reject your conclusion, and your entire argument will fall apart.​ Consider the following assertion: â€Å"Because greenhouse gases are causing the atmosphere to warm at a rapid rate...† The San Jose State writing lab notes that whether this is a solid premise depends on your audience: If your readers are members of an environmental group, they will accept this premise without qualms. If your readers are oil company executives, they may reject this premise and your conclusions. When developing one or more premises, consider  the rationales and beliefs not just of your audience  but also of your opponents, says San Jose State. After all, your whole point in making an argument is not just to preach to a like-minded audience but to convince others of the correctness of your point of view. Determine what givens† you accept that your opponents do not, as well as where two sides of an argument can find common ground. That point is where you will find effective premises to reach your conclusion, the writing lab notes. Source Hausman, Alan. Logic and Philosophy: A Modern Introduction. Howard Kahane, Paul Tidman, 12th Edition, Cengage Learning, January 1, 2012.

Topic below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Topic below - Essay Example In the words of Joyce Carol Oates as quoted by Ronald Sharp:† Everyone knows about love. Romantic love, married love, adulterous love: happy love affairs, unhappy ones. Everyone knows about love, no one knows about friendship†. (1) It is interesting to note that loneliness being one of the hallmarks of modern living, many modern great writers and photospheres have not given serious thought to friendship in their writings. Why is friendship such unimportant subject in modern fiction, poetry and essay? Recent writing has largely ignored friendship. In contrast classical writers engaged in open discussion on the subject of friendship and made subtle distinctions on the varieties available and treated also the opposite of friendship, namely enmity, in their writings. Montaigne makes a clear distinction between friendships. In his thinking there are levels of friendships. He uses the technique of contrast to present sharply his idea of true friendship. There are imperfect friendships, which he calls â€Å"fellowships†. Borrowing an image from painting Montaigne labors at length to project the true beauty of friendship, which stands clearly demarked among images of the â€Å"grotesque†. Montaignes famous essay "On Friendship" (1580) is a true source book on the idea of friendship. The essay cites Aristotle, Cicero, Horace, Catullus, and Plutarch. Though the essay concerns about his friendship with a young Huguenot, Estienne de la Boetie, the essay is surprising in its modernity, especially its relevance to contemporary moral issues. Is the argument of Montaigne on friendship in essential accord with Aristotle, or is there something new? According to Aristotle the highest act of friendship is not just the friends themselves, but in their direct relation to truth. We are quick to notice the similarity between the thinking of Aristotle and that of Montaigne.But this similarity we feel is somewhat deceptive. While Montaigne gives the name of

Summary 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summary 2 - Essay Example These investors also have to concentrate on the crucial environmental aspect and the social governance. (Mcknett, 2012) The encouraging gear initiated by the CEOs is that they have seen the usefulness of sustainability in business and the only secret of being more competitive in the business market. He in most occasions as part his job, speaks to the investors. The companies and the investors do not determine the destiny of the earth because they do not possess an indefinite mandate in that in finance theory; they are not subordinate to the sustainability. Through his talking, he stated that consideration of fresh water, clean air and feeding more than 10 billion populations, is a pressing challenge (Mcknett, 2012). Speaker quoted President John F. Kennedy, stated that some risks are associated to long-range, and expenses of comfortable functioning. The speaker summed up his speech by highlighting a quote by Mark Twain â€Å"plan for the future because that’s where you are going to spend the rest of your

Employee Turnover In Pharmaceutical Companies In Kenya Management Essay

Employee Turnover In Pharmaceutical Companies In Kenya Management Essay The objective of the study was to investigate employee turnover problem in Pharmaceutical industries in Kenya with a case study of Ranbaxy Laboratories limited. The study specifically investigated on staff retention measures utilized by the management, whether exit interviews are conducted, and the competitiveness of reward program and whether the conduciveness of the work place environment as factors that may contribute to workforce turnover in this sector. The study adopted a descriptive research design to identify the employee turnover factors and a sample size of 50 employees were selected using a simple random sampling since the population for the purpose of this study was regarded as homogeneous. The study collected both primary and secondary data using semi-structured questionnaire and review of empirical and theoretical literatures respectively. The instruments were pilot tested for reliability checks. Statistical software SPSS was used for data analysis and generation of charts and graphs. Analysis took both descriptive and inferential dimensions where some elements of measure of central tendency and regression analysis were employed respectively. The study revealed that organization lacked effective staff retention strategies, where exit interviews were not regularly and effectively conducted, the employed reward program was not competitive and existence of unfriendly work place environment influenced most employees to leave the organization. Thus it was concluded that lack of effective strategies to manage these factors influenced most pharmaceutical companies to continue experiencing high staff turnover rates that lower the total organization productivity and increase running costs by recurrent recruitment costs, production disrupting and broken clients relationships. The study recommended that these factors should be part of the organization business strategy rather than being left to managers to act. Key Words: Employee turnover, Retention strategies, Exit interviews, Work environment and, Compensation. Introduction Turnover is the rate at which workers are replaced with new staff members in an organization. Turnover rate is calculated by dividing the number of resignations by number of staff in a given period of time usually a calendar year. Gberevbie, (2008) refers to frequent labor turnover as a state of affairs in an organization whereby employees for reasons best known to them based on their perception of personnel policies and practice of an organization resign or leave their job. Employees switch organizations for several reasons. These reasons could be either organization related or job related. Managers would readily agree that retaining the top performers results in higher customer satisfaction, quality improvement, effective succession planning and a considerable increase in organization knowledge and learning. Smith (2001) discusses companies with work environments that attract and retain people and where people are willing to give their best. These environments arent expensive. In f act, they save money.   In most cases, they improve retention and productivity without lavish salaries or bonuses. And they certainly lower the expense of continually hiring and training new people. Estimates suggest that separation, replacement and training costs are 1.5 to 2.5 times annual salary for each person who quits, which means that the departure of a middle manager usually costs an organization around $75,000 (Dalton et al., 1993). Employees who perceive relationships with customers provide better service. Customers who receive better service express fewer complaints and thereby create fewer problems for employees. Employees in turn react more favorably to encounters with customers. These reactions result in better service which again leads to higher customer satisfaction. Providing adequate health care to the populations remains a major challenge for governments in Africa .Access of drugs is dependent on both affordability and quality. The pharmaceutical sector is Kenya is dominated by multinational companies and generic companies who either import ready products or locally manufactured products. The domestic pharmaceutical industry shows considerable strength and has significant opportunities for growth. Imported generics make 28% of the market share (UNIDO survey, 2009). The reports goes on to say exports to Tanzania and Uganda are growing and still more potential for Kenya to establish its self as a major source in Southern Sudan. For purpose of this study, the researcher focused on Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, an integrated, research based, international pharmaceutical company producing a wide range of quality, affordable generic medicines, trusted by healthcare professionals and patients across geographies, the company has a unique model of applauding and recognizing individual and team effort through (APPRECIATE) program designed to motivate performance (www.ranbaxy.com). The Companys business philosophy is based on delivering value to its stakeholders by constantly inspiring its people to innovate, achieve excellence and set new global benchmarks. Statement of the Problem The private health sector in Kenya contributes around 13% to the GDP and has largely remained unchanged since 1995(KPPB, 2007). Out of this, Pharmaceutical industries account for a whopping 10.3% in its contribution to the GDP. Although on average this is seen as stagnation, it is considered as one of the largest in East and Central Africa. Nevertheless, due to increased development of conventional medicines and awareness about preventive culture in the urban population, the industry has registered a high level of growth and innovation that has turned the sector into a vibrant business domain. This has seemingly attracted the attention of many entrepreneurs resulting to massive investment both at large and retail scale levels. Empirical studies (Wilson and Peel, 1990) on pharmaceutical industries have indicated that the industry is characterized by a stiff competition. In Kenya, the proliferations of the biotechnology marketplace have greatly revolutionized the industry operations. Organizations are increasingly at risk of losing key sales personnel to competitors and new market entrants. In a recent benchmarking study, Best Practices found that the 2006 aggregate annual turnover of employees for the pharmaceutical and biotech industries in Kenya is 14.2%. According to (Paul and Anantharaman, 2003) ,increasing turnover of sales people is particularly problematic for the larger pharmaceutical companies as smaller market entrants, particularly biotechnology firm keep on attracting their employees.. This resulted into massive exodus of employees from the pharmaceutical subsector into these upcoming biotechnology firms since the skills required is the same in both sub sector. This has evidently affected the Pharmaceutical industries since they responded to these pressures by focusing on its innovative segment and increasing its RD expenditures by means of in-house innovation, technological and therapeutic market specialization, and mergers and acquisitions of companies within and outside the pharmaceutical industry resulting to declining profits and stagnation (Kundu Malhan, 2007). Most studies (Delaney and Huselid,1996) done of the employee turnover sought to establish preliminary indices for employee turnover situations in different subsector hence making many statistics that describes the turnover of employees as abundant. In spite of having many studies undertaken on staff turnover in pharmaceutical companies, none of t he studies have managed to come up with an effective solution on how pharmaceutical companies should employ effective staff retention measures, conduct exit interviews, employ effective rewards programs and provide better working envi ronment. This has therefore created a wide knowledge gap on staff turnover management and hence created a need to conduct a study on factors contributing to the employee turnover in pharmaceutical companies in Kenya. Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, which is one of the largest and leading chains in the pharmaceutical laboratories with highest turnover according to the preliminary indices, (Delaney and Huselid, 1996) its recent employee satisfaction survey of 2009 indicated that 50% of the employees felt they would not be in the company for the next two years and 69% felt their intention to quit is influenced by management not peers. Considering Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited as a case, this study therefore sought to investigate the factors that contribute to employee turnover in pharmaceutical industries in Kenya. Overall Objective of the Study The general objective of the study is to investigate factors contributing to the employee turnover in pharmaceutical companies in Kenya, a case study of Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Specific Objectives The study aimed to:- To investigate employee retention actions as a factor contributing to employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. To find out whether exit interviews affect employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. To find out the competiveness of reward program as a factor contributing to employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited.. To establish whether the work place environment affect employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Research Question The study sought answers for the following questions: Does employee retention actions as a factor contributing to employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Do exit interviews affect employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Does competiveness of reward program as a factor contributing to employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Do the work place environment affect employee turnover in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. Scope of the Study In the literature, the variables that influence the turnover of the employees in an organization is vast. Since human resource management is also a socially complex process which is intertwined with array of organizational factors, it further diversifies the reasons as to why employees leave their organizations. Thus, this study focused only on retention action employed by the organization, exit interviews, competitiveness of reward program and status of workplace environment as factors influencing the employee turnover investigated. The study will limit itself to the case of Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited only. Literature Review Both the theoretical and empirical reviews on employee turnover and its variables were conducted. This resulted into array of constructs (retention strategy, exit interviews, reward strategy, workplace environment and employee turnover) and their relationships which was conceptualized in the following schematic diagram below. This was used as the Conceptual framework which guided the study. Retention Strategy Exit Interviews Employee Turnover Reward Strategy Work place Environment Independent Variables Dependant Variable Research Methodology This chapter focused on research design, sampling, instrumentation, data collection, data analysis and interpretation. Research Design The research adopted descriptive approach. This is because, the study aim to describe employee turnover phenomena using different set of independent variable cluster. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exists, with respect to variables or conditions in a situation (Mugenda and Mugenda, 1999). Population and Sampling The study focused on pharmaceutical industry in Kenya which is the target population regarded as the larger population on which the findings were generalized to. The study population was mployees of Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. A target population is the total collection of elements about which one wishes to make some inferences (Mugenda and Mugenda, 1999). Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample size of 50 employees out of the total 75 employee of the study population. Since most variables under investigations are related to motivation, stratification is necessary to consider the different cadres of employees which pose motivation implications. This is equivalent to 66.67% sample size. According to Dempsey, (2003) a sample size of 50% is appropriate for generalization of the gathered findings in descriptive research. This therefore surpasses the threshold suggested by Dempsey, (2003) for generalization purposes and thus, regarded as adequate. The list sourced from th e Human Resource department of Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited was used as a sampling frame. Data Collection and Instrumentation Primary data collection was through the questionnaire using a semi structured questionnaire that was interviewer-administered. Secondary data was through review of the theoretical and empirical literatures sourced from books and scholarly journals, Internet and conference papers among others. Pilot Test A pilot study was conducted to test reliability of the instrument (questionnaire). This involved selecting 2 respondents from each strata and issuing them with the questionnaires. Data was obtained using the questionnaires and after evaluating and identifying the response, reliability analysis using Kunder-Richardson 20 formulae was conducted. The results were applied to modify or drop the items whose thresholds were low. Data reliability also plays an important role towards generalization of the gathered data to reflect the research objective. Data Analysis and Presentation Descriptive statistics data analysis method was applied to analyze quantitative data where data was scored by calculating the percentages and means. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software was used specifically for the purpose of analyzing the quantitative data and presenting it inform of table, figures and graphs. Linear Regression analysis was also used to show the relationship between research variables. Qualitative data analysis method was employed to analyze qualitative data gathered using open end questions. Summary of the Major Findings Response Rate The response rate was 80%. This is regarded adequate in line with the literature by Mugenda and Mugenda, (2003) which recommends 70% as a good response rate in descriptive studies. Respondents Demographic Profile Majority of the respondents (50%) were within the age bracket 31-40 years, 24% within the age bracket of 18-30, and 13% within the age bracket of 41-50 years and 51 years and above. On the education level, majority of the respondents (62%) had attained university education level and 25% had attained college education level. Regarding working experience most of the respondents (35%) had a working experience of 3-5 years, 25% 6-7 years, 18% 3-5 years, 20% had a working experience of less than 2years and 20% had a working experience of 8 years and above. This indicated that most of the study respondents were experienced and educated and hence expected to give relevant information for this study. Employee Retention Strategies Majority (58%) of the respondents indicated the organization lacked effective employee retention strategies while 42% felt otherwise. The 58% felt management lacked understanding on retention strategies. This concurs with Ruth (2004) that managers who have greater understanding on causes of employee turnover are likely to employ effective employee retention strategies in order to retain competent and most skilled employee. Further 80% of the respondents felt that the strategies employed do not minimize employee turnover. Using Likert scale method rating 4 very effective,3-effective,2-Moderate and 1 not effective 5-very effective, (50%) rated the effectiveness of the employed employee retention strategies as being moderate, 18% effective, 20% not effective and 12% very effective. From this we can infer majority of the employee rated average. This concurs with findings by Baker (2004) that organization that lacks very effectives employee retention strategies faces cases of high employ ee turnover rates that contributes to loss of the most skilled and competent employee. The low standard deviation indicates that there was negligible error during the analysis and the variance results demonstrates that respondents gave similar answers as the answers variation was close to each other and hence giving a clear indication that the answers given were reliable From the findings, it can be concluded that lack of effective employee retention strategies contributed to high employee turnover rates in the organization. Exit Interviews Majority of the respondents (68%) were of the opinion that employees leaving the organization were not subjected to exit interviews. However, 32% of the respondents expressed that the employees were subjected to exit interviews. This agreed with suggestion by Armstrong (2006) that presence of exit interviews in organization assists human resource management to establish the core causes of high employee turnover. Concerning whether exit interviews help the organization to find out the reasons for employee turnover (83%) answered no indicating that exit interviews did not help to establish reasons why employees left the organization and (37%) felt otherwise. The majority who answered no explained that the organization lacked effective exit interview program that helped in capturing the organization problems influencing high employee turnover. Regarding the frequency of conducting exit interviews respondents (47.5%) stated that exit interviews were rarely conducted, 40% stated sometimes , 7.5% never and only 5% who stated exit interviews were always conducted. Exit interviews were rarely conducted since the management was not conscious on the reasons contributing to high employee turnover rates and this agreed with Nelly (2002) that human resource managers who are not mindful about employees turnover do not carry out exit interviews and instead concentrates on employing new employees. The study hence concluded that conducting exit interviews could help human resource management in pharmaceutical to effectively manage high employee turnover rates. The table shows that a low standard deviation was obtained in all questions, indicating that the answers given were accurate. A low variance in all the questions shows that the respondents answered the questions in a similar way and hence the responses given were reliable. Reward Program The study sought to find out competitiveness of the reward program.73% of the respondents felt the reward program was not competitive and it was one of the reasons that influenced employees to leave. This agrees with Nzuve (2007) that absence of competitive rewards in the organization lead to low level of employee motivation that influences most employee to leave the organization hence increasing the rate of employee turnover.85% of the respondents indicated absence of competitive reward programs in the organization contributed to high employee turnover while 15% felt otherwise. As can be observed from the table a mean of 1.27 and 1.85 was obtained in the two questions indicating that organization lacked competitive reward programs and absence of competitive reward programs contributed high employee turnover rates. Work place Environment An overwhelming (80%) of the respondents felt their work environment was not conducive while 20% felt it was conducive. The majority 80% felt that the work environment contributed to employee turnover. Using Likert Scale where 5 -very large externt4-large extent, 3-moderate extent, 2-small extent and 1- not at all, majority of the respondents (60%) stated that work place environment contributed to employee turnover to a very large extent, 20% large extent, 10% moderate extent and 5% small extent and not at all respectively. A mean of 1.20 indicates that organization work place environment was not conducive, a mean of 1.80 shows that work place environment contributed to high employee turnover rate and a mean of 4.25 indicated that work place environment contributed to employee turnover to a large extent. A low variance and a low standard deviation demonstrate that the answers given by the respondents were accurate. Regression Analysis A regression equation to show the relationship between the independent variables and dependant variable was derived Y = a + bX1 + bX2 + bX3 + bX4 + e=r2 The values for b0, b1, b2, b3 and b4 are  .569, .330, .095, .160 and .132 therefore the equation Y = .569+.330+.095+ .160 +.132 This indicates that there is a strong relationship between, employee retention, exit interviews, reward program, work place environment and employee turnover. A coefficient of .330 indicates that application of effective employee retention strategies reduces employee turnover by 0.330,a coefficient of .095 indicates application of exit interviews reduces employee turnover by 0.095. A coefficient of.160 presents that application of effective reward programs reduces employee turnover by 0.16. A coefficient of .132 indicates that conducive workplace environment helps to reduce employee turnover by 0.132. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that employee retention strategy was a major factor that greatly contributed to high employee turnover rates in the organization. The study also found out that one of the critical parameter of collecting data form the exiting employees, exit interviews were not regularly conducted whenever employees left the organization. And this hampered the organization human resource management to identify the core reasons that influenced employees to leave the organization. Lack of competitive reward program greatly contributed to high employee turnover rates in the organization since the organizations reward package was not competitive and also lacks the elements of totality in its reward system. Finally it can be concluded that the organization working environment was not conducive to most of the employees and this contributed to high employee turnover. This is expected since; laboratories like workshops are characteristically identified with the workplace environments which they offer. Recommendations Employee turnover should not be left to be handled by the human resource department alone rather it should be looked at as part of the overall business strategy since human capital is one of the major factors of production. This way , factors that are causing employee turnover will be handled and top management level and action will be taken to minimize employee turnover. Thus the study suggests the need to investigate on the role played by the top management in the alleviating employee turnover investigation as necessary. The study also recommends the need for the managements to be vigilant with their exit interviews so as to get insights of why the employees are leaving while redoubling their efforts in streamlining the motivation package.

Essay on Irony in Twelfth Night -- Twelfth Night essays

         Realizing that her disguise has produced unexpected results, Viola makes an allusion to the Gordon knot in order to describe the perceived difficulty of extricating herself from the confusion. Viola, in the act of reinterpreting herself as a man for the main purpose of protection, has found herself the body from which other characters can derive their own interpretations.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I am man,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My state is desperate for my master's love:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I am woman (now alas the day!)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What thriftless sighs shall poor Olivia breathe?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O time, thou must untangle this, not I,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is too hard a knot for me t'untie. Viola.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2.2.35-40)    Just as easily as a soft "chev'ril glove" may be turned inside out, especially when it is pulled off to uncover the hand, Viola's position in the play, in relation to the other characters, can be seen as one that leads to a flexible play of ideas that reveal multiple meanings, contradictory or otherwise.    This essay will show how the ironic positions of the main characters, in relation to Viola, in Twelfth Night contribute and then undermine the comic theme of the play, and finally, with certain dramatic license, reinstate it, thus complicating positions of evaluation at certain points in the play.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Twelfth Night, one finds that the combined romantic and comic aspects of the main plot stem mainly from the theme of mistaken gender identity. In dealing with this theme, it is necessary to note that Viola's disguise as a man is assumed to be opaque by the aud... ... Grief, Karen. "Plays and Playing in Twelfth Night". Bloom (47-60). Kreiger, Elliot. "Malvolio and Class Ideology". Bloom (19-26). Nevo, Ruth. Comic Transformations in Shakespeare. London: Methuen & Co., 1980. Osborne, Laurie E. The Trick of Singularity: Twelfth Night and the Performance Editions. Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 1996. Rosenberg, Marvin. "Subtext in Shakespeare". Thompson, Marvin, and Ruth Thompson, eds. Shakespeare and the Sense of Performance. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1989. (79-90). Shakespeare, William. The Arden Edition of the Works of William Shakespeare: Twelfth Night. Ed. J. M. Lothian and T.W. Craik. UK: Methuen & Co., 1975. Thatcher, David. Begging to Differ: Modes of Discrepancy in Shakespeare. New York: Peter Lang, 1999. Vickers, Brian. Appropriating Shakespeare: Contemporary Critical Quarrels. New Haven: Yale U P, 1993

Mexican Religion Shapes Culture Essay

Mexican Religion Shapes Culture Throughout the world, the expansion of religion has significantly influenced the development of humanity in many different ways. Religion is an organized collection of belief and cultural systems with world views that relate humanity to spirituality and moral values (dictionary.com). Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to explain the origin of the Universe and give a convincing meaning to life. It was Hernan Cortes who first brought the Catholic Church to Mexico in 1521. His expedition, which included a friar named Bartolome de Olmedo and a priest named Juan Diaz, was mandated to convert the Indians into Christians. After the Spanish conquest, Mexico became colonized which, was helpful in the attempt to influence indigenous people to take on Catholicism. Religion has impacted Mexican societies through their culture, their surroundings and architecture, and their families. Roman Catholicism was established as the dominant, but not official, religion of Mexico. Today, about 89% of Mexicans still identify themselves by this division of Christian religion. The 2000 census reported that Mexico had some 101,000,000 Catholics among the population aged five and above. This equates to about 91% of their total population, making it the second largest Roman Catholic country in the world. The Catholic Church is the world’s largest Christian church, and is its largest religious grouping. Catholicism influences people in many countries, and in Mexico this influence is no less apparent. Though not everyone in Mexico is Catholic, religion seems to maintain a social order. Mexican Catholics take the many rules of Catholicism very seriously. In the article â€Å"The Catholic Church in Mexico: Triumphs and Traumas†, Shep Lencheck claims, â€Å"As of this moment the Church remains a unifying force in the private lives of Mexicans. It is the one constant in the changing and sometimes chaotic Mexican scene† (Lencheck 1). Thus, Catholicism is an ever present aspect in the lives of many Mexicans. Statistics show that almost 50 percent of Mexico’s population attends weekly mass at their local church. This weekly mass isn’t the only Catholic part of Mexican culture. Many ceremonies, including baptisms, confirmations, and weddings revolve around the Catholic Church. These events become more than just a religious ceremony but they are turned into a social event or community celebration with family and friends regardless the religion professed. A perso ns journey through religion is celebrated and all events from baptisms to weddings come with a party where religion is integrated into the social lives of many. The majority of society is scared to act upon certain sins in fear of the unknown (Hell). In the Catholic religion it is believed that sins of great evil are mortal sins-which bring the dire consequence of going to hell if unrepented for. In the bible a fear of God is clearly demanded, â€Å"The Lord confides in those who fear him; he makes his covenant known to them,† (Psalm 25:14) This states that in order to be a good Catholic, one must have a fear of God. This fear is instilled in Catholics from the moment they join the religion. They are told that in order to guarantee themselves eternal life they must have a personal covenant relationship with God. Part of this relationship includes following the rules of the religion to ensure a pathway to eternal life. Sin can also be viewed as anything that violates the ideal relationship between an individual and god. If one does not believe they will also receive consequences, â€Å"Hell will also punish the sin of those who reject Christ† (Matthew 13:41) So whether you believe or not, committing sins leads to the ultimate punishment. This fear of Hell keeps many Catholics from breaking their covenant with God. The Catholic Church holds great power over their followers. As its own arbiter, the Catholic Church accepts no authority as being higher than itself. In the mid 1960s, Mexico experienced a population growth that instantly became a problem. The increasing population added to social inequalities and put pressure on job creation and emigration. In â€Å"Latina Sexuality, Reproduction, and Fertility as a Threat to the Nation.†, author Leo Chavez explains the population boom in Mexico. Mexico’s high fertility rate was the result of an unusually pronatalist cultural tradition, which meant that Mexicans placed an abnormally high value on having children. Because of machismo and Marianosmo, the argument went, men are dominant and women were submissive, and having more children increase the social status of both. Motherhood is viewed as an essential purpose for a woman’s existence. (Chavez 535) These trends in procreation were very strong in the Mexican culture. The church had their own reaction to this population boom and in 1972 the Catholic Church called for reduced family size, and has promoted family planning clinics and education programs. This shows how the Catholic Church rules over everything, even things as uncontrollable as social trends. No matter where you go, you will always see some sort of solicitation about religion. It could be door to door solicitation, over the radio, on television, advertisements on billboards, or even on clothing. No t only is religion everywhere and impractical to avoid, most of the solicitation revolves around begging. More specifically, in the late 160Os, the brothers and mothers of the church would travel throughout the neighborhoods soliciting funds for their masses, sick comrades, and the like. In Nicole Von Germeten’s work called Black Blood Brothers: Confraternities and Social Mobility for Afro- Mexicans, she shows how public solicitation was a prominent feature of Afro-Mexican Catholicism during the seventeenth century, The comrades petitioned support on a large scale, dispatching numerous members to diverse locations consistently each week and on religious holidays. These initiatives proved remarkably lucrative. For instance, records for the Incarnation and Saint Biaises, a sizable seventeenth century Black confraternity of Valladolid, indicate that begging accounted for nearly all of the funding for the group’s activities. (Von Germeten, pp. 111) Their success is exceptional, which is common among the institutions, which points to the generosity of the colonists and to their respect for the organizations within the Catholic faith. The Mexican people were involved in the creation of the Catholic Church in Mexico from the beginning. They supported the church and provided the funds for the religion to grow within their cities and surroundings. Whether a house is small and rural or large and urban, crosses, rosaries, and small candles honoring Jesus or Our Lady of Guadalupe decorate most homes in Mexico. Icons such as these are mainly used for worship and have great significance to Catholics. Our Lady of Guadalupe is a recognized symbol for all Mexican Catholics and was used in the struggle for independence against the Spanish. â€Å"The most important icon of Mexican national culture is the Virgin of Guadalupe, which illustrates the pervasive influence of Roman Catholicism in the national culture. She is viewed as the â€Å"mother† of all Mexicans. The dark-skinned Virgin is the Mexican version of the Virgin Mary and as such represents national identity as the product of the mixing of European and Meso-American religions and peoples.† (everyculture) This icon represents Mexico as a whole and shows just how large an influence Catholicism has had on Mexico. With the display of icons such as the Lady of Guadalupe, the home becomes an expression of the religion of the family. There are about 5000-7000 churches in the entire country. Even in the Prehispanic Period, Mexican architecture focused mainly on places of worship including the pyramids and temples of the indigenous. Catholicism has found its way into the architecture of many cities in mexico including Mexico City. One of the most visited b uildings is The Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe on the outskirts of Mexico City. This Church has become such a facet of Mexican Architecture that, according to The Catholic News Agency, even our former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has visited the shrine, â€Å"During her recent visit to Mexico, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton made an unexpected stop at the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe and left a bouquet of white flowers ‘on behalf of the American people,’†(CNA). This Catholic Church is a shrine to Our Lady of Guadalupe as well as a very popular tourist and religious attraction. The Shrine welcomes tens of thousands of visitors annually. Religion has integrated itself so deeply into Mexican architecture that most tourist attractions are religious based. The strength of the family unit is intertwined with the practice of religion and in the eyes of most Mexicans, family is valued greatly. Family is the essence of Mexican life. Most families are very closely knit and it is not unfamiliar to see three or more generations living together in the same household. But religion is what holds these families together so tightly. Country Facts points out how religion holds the Mexican family together, â€Å"The Mexican people are quite religious and they have important religious events the whole year round on which the families get together to celebrate. Amongst the important dates for the Mexican families are the 12th of December which is known as the Nuestra senora de Guadalupe. The 24th and 25th of December are important dates according to the Christian traditions.†(Country Facts 2) The biggest holidays for Mexican families are religion based. Families get together to celebrate their religion and also to celebrate their family. Religion and family go hand in hand in Mexico and these events are used to keep even extended family as closely knit as possible. Mexican families sometimes make pilgrimages to The Shrine of our Lady of Guadalupe. A pilgrimage, defined by The Modern Catholic Dictionary, is a journey to a sacred place undertaken as an act of religious devotion. Its purpose may be simply to venerate a certain saint or ask some spiritual favor; beg for physical cure or perform an act of penance; express thanks or fulfill a promise. In The Houston Chronicle, journalist Dudley Althaus reports on Mexican pilgrimages, â€Å"tens of thousands of Mexico’s Roman Catholic faithful will travel narrow and hazardous two-lane highways through central Mexico’s cold highlands to the Basilica of The Virgin of Guadalupe.† (Althaus). Most who embark on this journey do not do so alone. Many families will make a pilgrimage together in order to prove their faithfulness or to ask for a blessing for the family. Families who make a pilgrimage to the shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe do so for different reasons. The upper classes trave l out of tradition, and the poorer classes more likely do so for specific material requests for themselves or others. Prayer has played a vital role in religion for many years throughout history. Mexican families will often pray during meals or privately in their separate rooms before bed. A few reasons why they pray is because it is very relaxing, because they want to thank God, and some even pray solely because they want something. In the Catholic religion praying is crucial for a close, personal relationship with God. One Bible verse states: †Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you. For everyone who asks, receives; and the one who seeks, finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened† (Matthew 7:7-8 NAB). Prayer has a positive impact on family unity and connectedness, which Mexicans are universally drawn to. This belief in prayer resounds in the heart of every Mexican, convinced that it is a source of strength and protection. Religion has impacted Mexican societies through their culture, their surroundings and architecture, and their families. Roman Catholicism was established as the dominant, but not official, religion of Mexico. Today, about 89% of Mexicans still identify themselves by this division of Christian religion. Throughout the world, the expansion of religion has significantly influenced the development of humanity in many different ways. WORKS CITED Baxamusa, Mufaddal H., and Abu Jalal. Does Religion Affect Capital Structure?. Rochester, Rochester:, 2013. ProQuest. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. Carrigan, Henry. â€Å"Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States.† Publishers Weekly 244.30 (1997): 67-. ProQuest. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. Lorentzen, Lois Ann. â€Å"La Llorona’s Children: Religion, Life, and Death in the U.S.-Mexican Borderlands.† The Americas 62.3 (2006): 474-5. ProQuest. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. â€Å"THE ARTS: Diego Rivera; Art and Revolution; Cleveland Museum of Art Premieres Retrospective.† The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Jun 18 1999: 6-. ProQuest. Web. 10 Apr. 2013 . Ramirez, Margaret. 2000. RELIGION / Exploring issues, answers and beliefs. Los Angeles, Calif. Tribune Publishing Company LLC Von Germeten, Nicole. (2006a) Black Blood Brothers: Confraternities and Social Mobility for Afro-Mexicans. FL: University of Florida Press. â€Å"religion.† Dictionary.com Unabr idged. Random House, Inc. 17 Apr. 2013. .

Case Study Ashley Johnson, The Sole Owner Of Johnson...

Ashley Johnson is the sole owner of Johnson Real Estate, hereby referred to as â€Å"JRE†, which is a sole proprietorship (LLC) that lists and sells real estate in West Virginia. Ashley’s husband James is the president of JRE and is the day to day operator. Besides James, there are two employees: office manager Joan Rogers and receptionist Doris Chambers. The realtors are contracted sub-agents that personally collect commission checks at the end of each month. These realtors receive 65% of the commission granted to the broker, the rest is deposited into JRE’s checking account. Ashley noticed discrepancies in the commission receipts from closings and the actual bank deposits in the year of 20X9. The previous year there were no problems. JRE has not been audited for the past three years due to rapid growth. Ashley filed a report with the local prosecutor, a family friend, and requested a thorough investigation, which resulted in the prosecutor’s office contr acting an accounting firm to complete the financial examination. The prosecutor’s office assigned special agents Thomas and Longworth to the case. The prosecutors are Gina Conrad and Barry Morton. Joan Rogers has been employed by JRE since December 2001. She has two employed children that have both graduated from college and live in apartments. She has a mortgage, three credit cards (balances under $3,000), two automobile loans, and student loans for her children on her debt. Her husband, William, is a laboratory manager at aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagessupply/demand issue), advertising (well developed by 1900), or in most cases were simply not yet explored (e.g., customer purchase behavior, importance of distribution partners). Lead by marketing scholars from several major universities, the development of marketing was in large part motivated by the need to dissect in greater detail relationships and behaviors that existed between sellers and buyers. In particular, the study of marketing lead sellers to recognize that adopting certain strategiesRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesexposure to marketing pr inciples, if not to marketing practice. The intended market of the book comprises the following segments: âž ¡ Students reading for degrees involving marketing (especially MBA candidates and senior undergraduates following business studies programmes) âž ¡ Students of The Chartered Institute of Marketing who are preparing for the Marketing Planning paper in the CIM’s Diploma examinations âž ¡ Marketing practitioners who will benefit from a comprehensive review of current thinking in the fieldRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same timeRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pages†¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy Peck, Chris Olsen, Jay Devore Acquisitions Editor: Carolyn Crockett Development Editor: Danielle Derbenti Assistant Editor: Beth Gershman Editorial Assistant: Ashley Summers Technology Project Manager: Colin Blake Marketing Manager: Joe Rogove Marketing Assistant: Jennifer Liang Marketing Communications Manager: Jessica Perry Project Manager, Editorial Production: Jennifer Risden Creative Director: Rob Hugel Art